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97 images Created 19 Dec 2010

Chattisgarh, India : The Other Modernity

"The Other Modernity" is a portrait of Chhattisgarh, a state in central India. This is the story of people living amidst India's Maoist insurgents, the Naxalites, whose jungle war zone sits astride the country's wealthiest iron ore and coal deposits. Still following the tactics of Mao-Tse Tung three decades after his death, the Naxalites have vowed to overthrow the government in Delhi and transform the country into a communist state. Their politics may seem obsolete, but in the process they have tapped into the underlying grievances that continue to plague India as it emerges on the global stage: the entrenched rural poverty, exploitation of tribal communities and violence of heavy-handed and often brutal security forces. In 2010 the casualties in the Naxalite campaign, deemed the most serious internal challenge to India by the country's prime minister, were triple that of Kashmir.

Either way, the Naxalites cannot be ignored. With 20,000 armed cadres operating across several states, with a presence in at least a third of India's 626 districts as the 70,000km just applies to the Dandakaranya jungles, the Maoists have shunned negotiation for a peaceful settlement and have instead set up their own parallel administration across swathes of Indian territory.

To their critics and enemies the Naxalites are the irreconcilable waste of a bygone era; a vicious but archaic leftover from India's radical student movements of the '70's. Others regard the Maoists as the defenders of the country's marginalised tribes who have been left far behind India's economic explosion, abandoned, impoverished and victim to predatory mining corporations who are intent on exploiting the natural resources beneath the tribes' ancestral jungle homelands.

These images are an attempt to illustrate for us the trauma and tragedy of ordinary people trapped in a vicious internal war - people who are often forced by necessity to choose sides and pay serious consequences.
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  • The maoist rebels move freely around the thick Dandakaranya jungles in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • A maria tribes woman poses for a portrait inside her house in village Godhari in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das
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  • Mahari Usenti is seen with her little child inside her hut in Godhari village in Orcha block of Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das
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  • Villagers meet at the courtyard of the local post office to discuss their plight and the protest against Tata and the local government  in Village Sirisgura in Bastar district of Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • A tribal man looks on as a village boy picks Mahuwa fruits in Nendra village in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • Teenagers from the village gather at their holy place in village Godhari in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das
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  • A Maria tribe boy is seen outside his house in village Godhari in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das
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  • Meena is seen watching television in her house in village Godhari in Chattisgarh, India. Meena is educated and runs a small study centre in the village. Photo: Sanjit Das
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  • Villagers who fled their villagers from naxal affected areas were rehabilitated and are seen outside their hut in Pattagodam Salwa Judum camp in  Bhairamgarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • A Gond tribesman is seen with all his dancing bells on his waist during a festival celebration in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • Santu Usenti poses for a photograph in village Godhari in Orcha block of Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das
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  • A Gond tribesman, Samlu Ram Netam poses for a portrait with a traditional turban during a festival celebration in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • A maria tribes woman poses for a portrait outside her house in village Godhari in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das
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  • A villager carries locally brewed, salpa, an alcoholic drink in Pattagodam Salwa Judum camp in  Bhairamgarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Pulai Ram is seen smoking biri (country made cigarette) in his courtyard in Village Sirisgura in Bastar district of Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • A tribesman takes the burning coal for lighting fire at early hours of the day just outside of Jagdalpur, in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • An old woman walks with a little girl in Village Sirisgura in Bastar district of Chattisgarh, India. The local villagers are protesting against Tata and the local government for forcibly acquiring their village. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Villagers who fled their villagers from naxal affected areas were rehabilitated in Pattagodam Salwa Judum camp in  Bhairamgarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • A tribal Chattisgarhi woman is seen crushing paddy in her hut in Nendra village in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • A young boy waits next to a water tubewell while women take water in Dornapal, a Salwa Judum village in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • Rehabilitated villagers generate income by making products from the jungles in Pattagodam Salwa Judum camp in  Bhairamgarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Madhusudan Sethia is one of the many villagers who fled their villagers from naxal affected areas and were rehabilitated in Pattagodam Salwa Judum camp in  Bhairamgarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • An anti mine vehicle drives past through the jungles in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Commandoes line up to pose for a portrait at the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • Training commandoes are seen demonstrating their firing skills at the firing range in Chhattisgarh's Counter-terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, 145 km from state capital Raipur in Chattisgarh, India.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos for Bloomberg Businessweek
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  • Training commandoes are seen demonstrating their firing skills at the firing range in Chhattisgarh's Counter-terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, 145 km from state capital Raipur in Chattisgarh, India.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos for Bloomberg Businessweek
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  • Weapons lie on the ground (in front of the sign on rock - Attack, always) while commandoes train at the Central Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • Commandoes undergo endurance training at the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • Commandoes undergo endurance training at the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • Commandoes undergo endurance training at the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • Commandoes undergo endurance training at the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • Commandoes undergo endurance training at the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • Commandoes undergo endurance training at the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • A sniffer dog jump through hoops as they demonstrate their talent at the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • Commandoes fire live bullets and demonstrate their skills at the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • Breakfast is served to the training commandoes in Chhattisgarh's first Counter-terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, 145 km from state capital Raipur in Chattisgarh, India.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos for Bloomberg Businessweek
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  • Training commandoes eat their breakfast while the other group returns from training in Chhattisgarh's first Counter-terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, 145 km from state capital Raipur in Chattisgarh, India.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos for Bloomberg Businessweek
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  • Brig. B.K.Ponwar (centre) poses for a portrait with his commandoes at the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph by Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times.
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  • Brig BK Ponwar, Director of Chhattisgarh's first Counter-terrorism and Jungle Warfare College addresses his new recruits from the state police and paramilitary in his training school in Kanker, 145 km from state capital Raipur in Chattisgarh, India.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos for Bloomberg Businessweek
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  • Brig BK Ponwar, Director of Chhattisgarh's first Counter-terrorism and Jungle Warfare College poses for a portrait in his training school in Kanker, 145 km from state capital Raipur in Chattisgarh, India.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Armed guards pose with Mahendra Karma (centre), the founder of Salwa Judum in Dantewara in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Special Police Officers (SPO) patrol the jungles in Bijapur area in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Special Police Officers (SPO) patrol the jungles in Bijapur area in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Special Police Officers (SPO) patrol in Bijapur area in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Equipped with axe, bows and arrows, the  Special Police Officers (SPO) patrol the jungles in Bijapur area in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Special Police Officers (SPO) patrol the jungles in Bijapur area in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Special Police Officers (SPO) patrol the jungles in Bijapur area in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • A police officer and a sniffer dog search for IEDs in an abandoned building in Cherpal Camp in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Special Police Officers (SPO) patrol the jungles in Bijapur area in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Special Police Officers (SPO) patrol the jungles in Bijapur area in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Statues of soldiers are erected, and are garlanded to pay tribute by local government by the side of the highway in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • Santham Ram Hapka, a former naxal member who surrendered and joined the Special Police Force poses for a portrait in Bhairamgarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Conveyor belts carrying the excavated iron ore from the National Mineral Development Corporation mines are seen on top of the hill in Kirandul in Dantewara district of Chattisgarh, India.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Essar Steel keeps their employees busy with maintenance work in a factory that has been closed for over a year because of Maoist attack on their iron ore slurry pipeline and the plant.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • An Essar Steel factory worker walks past the slurry machines inside the plant in Kirandul, Chattisgarh, India. Essar Steel keeps their employees busy with maintenance work in a factory that has been closed for over a year because of Maoist attack on their iron ore slurry pipeline and the plant.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • The excavated iron ore deposit belonging to the National Mineral Development Corporation is seen in Kirandul in Dantewara district of Chattisgarh, India.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Essar Steel factory keeps their employees busy with maintenance work in a factory the plant in Kirandul, Chattisgarh, India. The factory has been closed for over a year because of Maoist attack on their iron ore slurry pipeline and the plant.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Essar Steel factory keeps their employees busy with maintenance work in a factory the plant in Kirandul, Chattisgarh, India. The factory has been closed for over a year because of Maoist attack on their iron ore slurry pipeline and the plant.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Essar Steel employees take a break after the end of their shift outside the plant in Kirandul, Chattisgarh, India. The plant that has been closed for over a year because of Maoist attack on their iron ore slurry pipeline and the plant.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Tired workers of the Jindal Power plant are seen taking a nap outside the plant in Tamnar, the outskirts of Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos for Bloomberg Businessweek
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  • The Jindal Power plant in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos for Bloomberg Businessweek
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  • A monument with sickle and hammer is seen by the side of the highway leading to Dantewara, the maoist heatland in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Traffic waits at the railway crossing while a 57-carriage train pulled by 3 engines carrying iron ore passes by Dantewara town in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Members of the India's Natural Disaster Relief Force remove bodies of the passengers of Gyaneshwari Express at a crash site, 160 kms south west of Calcutta, West Bengal, India on May 28, 2010. A maoist related group claimed responsibility for the crash. Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Local villagers and bystanders watch rescue and repair operation being carried on the railway tracks which connect Kolkata to Mumbai at the crash site of Gyaneshwari Express, 160 kms south west of Calcutta, West Bengal, India on May 28, 2010. A maoist related group claimed responsibility for the crash. Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Members of the India's Natural Disaster Relief Force is seen climbing on the train to remove bodies of the passengers of Gyaneshwari Express at a crash site, 160 kms south west of Calcutta, West Bengal, India on May 28, 2010. A maoist related group claimed responsibility for the crash. Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • A member of the India's Natural Disaster Relief Force looks for bodies of the passengers of Gyaneshwari Express at a crash site, 160 kms south west of Calcutta, West Bengal, India on May 28, 2010. A maoist related group claimed responsibility for the crash. Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Daily wage labourers work at a road construction site on Bijapur highway in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Daily wage labourers work at a road construction site on Bijapur highway in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • A abandoned house after being attacked by the naxalites in Padera Village in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Leading the farmers' protest, 37 year Kamal Kumar Ghabya (left) has been advocating for farmers rights against forced land acquisition in Bastar district of Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Leading the farmers' protest, 37 year Kamal Kumar Ghabya has been advocating for farmers rights against forced land acquisition in Bastar district of Chattisgarh, India. Here he shows the papers supporting his struggle that he acquired from the government through the Rights to Information Act. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Madhusudan Sethia (centre) is one of the many villagers who fled their villagers from naxal affected areas and were rehabilitated in Pattagodam Salwa Judum camp in  Bhairamgarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Siblings, Somi (left), Bandi (right) and Gangi (in green) talk of their troubles with the Naxalites as they sit outside their hut in  Dornapal, a Salwa Judum village in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • Special Police Officer of the Salwa Judum, 20 year old Marpang Joga stands with his daughter Karina while his wife, Kandi plasters the mud-wall of their hut in Dornapal, a Salwa Judum village in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • A villager with his daughter poses for a portrait outside his house in village Sirisgura in Bastar district of Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • Varse Malla from the Dorna tribe poses for a portrait inside his small empty hut in  Dornapal, a Salwa Judum village in Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for Forbes
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  • A local villager seen at the courtyard of his house in village Sirisgura in Bastar district of Chattisgarh, India. The local villagers are protesting against Tata and the local government for forcibly acquiring their village. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Former armed rebel, Tulsi alias Malti seen with her 3 year old son, Kosa in Bhairamgarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Former armed rebel, Tulsi alias Malti seen with her 3 year old son, Kosa in Bhairamgarh, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Local villagers are seen travelling on the back of a truck on the main highway in Jharkhand, India.  Photograph: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Village women walk past the vast land area that is proposed for a Tata Steel Plant and the local villagers are protesting against government  forcibly acquiring their village Sirisgura in Bastar district of Chattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • A tribal mam carries a gunny bag in a weekly market in Bangapal village in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • A vendor selling dried fish in a local village market in Londigura, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Local villagers gather at the weekly market Bangapal village in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • A villager walks past with a sack of rice in a local village market in Londigura, Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Orphans whose parents were the victims of the Naxalite insurgency gather for the evening prayers at their orphanage in Dantewada in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Children write on their new slate-boards at the orphanage for the children whose whose parents were the victims of the Naxalite insurgency at their orphanage in Dantewada in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Orphans whose parents were the victims of the Naxalite insurgency seen at their orphanage in Dantewada in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Orphans whose parents were the victims of the Naxalite insurgency prepare to play a game of volleyball at their orphanage in Dantewada in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Orphans whose parents were the victims of the Naxalite insurgency play a game of volleyball at their orphanage in Dantewada in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Orphans whose parents were the victims of the Naxalite insurgency gather for the evening prayers at their orphanage in Dantewada in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • 14 year old Aas Manju, whose father was killed by the naxals poses for a portrait in Aastha Gurukul Vidhyalaya, an orphanage for the victims of the Naxalite insurgency in Dantewada in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos for The Times
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  • Mahendra Karma (centre), the founder of Salwa Judum poses for a photo in Dantewara in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Mahendra Karma (centre), the founder of Salwa Judum poses for a photo in Dantewara in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Armed guards pose with Mahendra Karma (centre), the founder of Salwa Judum in Dantewara in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos
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  • Mahendra Karma (centre), the founder of Salwa Judum seen in his office in Dantewara in Chhattisgarh, India. Photo: Sanjit Das/Panos
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